Lysning er et uafhængigt analytisk projekt baseret på åbne og verificerbare kilder. Dets formål er ikke at producere original rapportering eller efterretning, men at organisere, kontekstualisere og fortolke offentligt tilgængelig information for at gøre komplekse geopolitiske og informationsmæssige dynamikker mere læsbare, sporbare og sammenlignelige over tid.

I metodologiske termer anvender Lysning en dokumentarisk open-source intelligence (OSINT) tilgang fokuseret på aggregering, krydsverifikation og kronologisk organisering af primære institutionelle kilder. Projektet udfører ikke prædiktiv analyse og leverer ikke realtidsdækning af slagmarkshændelser eller breaking news. Dets formål er at dokumentere begivenheder, sammenligne narrativer med verificerbare data og fremhæve langsigtede tendenser og informationsmønstre.

Projektet bygger primært på institutionel dokumentation, officielle erklæringer og etablerede internationale medier, suppleret hvor det er relevant af akademisk forskning og open-source-undersøgelser. Gennem hele sitet opretholdes en klar skelnen mellem dokumenterede fakta, officielle tilskrivninger og analytisk fortolkning for at undgå sammenblanding mellem beviser og vurderinger.

Lysning gør ikke krav på neutralitet i abstrakt forstand. Dets analytiske ramme er forankret i folkeretten og principperne for den multilaterale orden. Begivenheder undersøges derfor ikke kun gennem strategiske eller geopolitiske overvejelser, men også i forhold til juridisk ansvar og konsekvenserne af krænkelser af internationale normer. Af denne grund anvender projektet ikke et realpolitik-perspektiv, der behandler magtdynamikker som den eneste forklarende faktor.

Samtidig præsenterer Lysning sig ikke som en juridisk myndighed. Det bygger ikke på klassificeret information og hævder heller ikke at levere endelig tilskrivning, hvor beviser forbliver ufuldstændige eller omstridte. Begrænsningerne ved open-source-analyse anerkendes eksplicit som en del af metodologien.

Lysning er et uafhængigt, ikke-kommercielt initiativ. Det modtager ingen finansiering fra regeringer, politiske partier eller interesseorganisationer og er vejledt af en forpligtelse til gennemsigtighed, verificerbarhed og analytisk ansvar.

Pacta sunt servanda.

Officielle dokumenter, rapporter og institutionssider

Kilder
3rd EEAS FIMI Report 2025 - https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/2025/EEAS-3nd-ThreatReport-March-2025-05-Digital-HD.pdf
Comunicato Consiglio UE sul Rapporto Tagliavini - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/er/110370.pdf
consilium.europa.eu - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/foreign-information-manipulation/
EDA – Defence Data 2024-2025 - https://eda.europa.eu/docs/default-source/brochures/2025-eda_defencedata_web.pdf
EDA – EU defence spending hits €343 billion - https://eda.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/2025/09/02/eu-defence-spending-hits-343-bln-in-2024-eda-data-shows
EEAS FIMI - https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/information-integrity-and-countering-foreign-information-manipulation-interference-fimi_en
eeas.europa.eu - https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/information-integrity-and-countering-foreign-information-manipulation-interference-fimi_en)
eeas.europa.eu - https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/2025/EEAS-3nd-ThreatReport-March-2025-05-Digital-HD.pdf)
eeas.europa.eu - https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/fimi_en
EU Council – 17th package of sanctions - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/05/20/russia-s-war-of-aggression-against-ukraine-eu-agrees-17th-package-of-sanctions/
EU Sanctions against Russia - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions-against-russia/
EU Sanctions Explained - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions-against-russia-explained/
EU – Sanctions adopted following Russia's aggression - https://finance.ec.europa.eu/eu-and-world/sanctions-restrictive-measures/sanctions-adopted-following-russias-military-aggression-against-ukraine_en
European Commission - REPowerEU - https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/repowereu-affordable-secure-and-sustainable-energy-europe_en
European Council - EU response to hybrid threats - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/hybrid-threats/
European Council – EU response to Russia's invasion - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-response-russia-military-aggression-against-ukraine-archive/
European Defence Agency – Defence Data Portal - https://eda.europa.eu/publications-and-data/defence-data

Databaser, observatorier og specialistanalyse

Kilder
EDMO - Pravda Network - https://edmo.eu/publications/russian-disinformation-network-pravda-grew-bigger-in-the-eu-even-after-its-uncovering/
edmo.eu - https://edmo.eu/publications/russian-disinformation-network-pravda-grew-bigger-in-the-eu-even-after-its-uncovering/)
edmo.eu - https://edmo.eu/publications/
Facta.news - https://facta.news/
facta.news - https://facta.news/)
Formiche.net - https://formiche.net/
formiche.net - https://formiche.net/)
geopolitica.info - https://www.geopolitica.info/disinformazione-italia/)
Geopolitica.info - https://www.geopolitica.info/
geopolitica.info - https://www.geopolitica.info/)
Geopolitica.info - Frammentazione istituzionale - https://www.geopolitica.info/disinformazione-italia/
Il Foglio - https://www.ilfoglio.it/
ilfoglio.it - https://www.ilfoglio.it/)
NewsGuard - https://www.newsguardtech.com/
NewsGuard Italia - Report - https://www.newsguardtech.com/it/special-reports/newsguard-in-italia-progressi-e-collaborazioni/
newsguardtech.com - https://www.newsguardtech.com/)
newsguardtech.com - https://www.newsguardtech.com/it/special-reports/newsguard-in-italia-progressi-e-collaborazioni/)

Officielle NATO‑sider og udmeldinger

Kilder
Allied Land Command – Enhanced Forward Presence - https://lc.nato.int/operations/enhanced-forward-presence-efp
NATO - Finland joins the Alliance - https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_212838.htm
NATO - Sweden joins the Alliance - https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_222186.htm
NATO – Approach to counter information threats - https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_231905.htm
NATO – Countering hybrid threats - https://www.nato.int/en/what-we-do/deterrence-and-defence/countering-hybrid-threats
NATO – Enhanced Forward Presence - https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136388.htm
NATO – Strategic Concept 2022 - https://www.nato.int/en/about-us/official-texts-and-resources/strategic-concepts/nato-2022-strategic-concept

Resolutioner, traktater og ICJ

Kilder
Corte Internazionale di Giustizia - Ordinanza del 16 marzo 2022 - https://www.icj-cij.org/case/182
Risoluzione ONU 68/262 - Integrità territoriale dell'Ucraina - https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n13/455/19/pdf/n1345519.pdf
Risoluzione ONU ES-11/1 - https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n22/293/36/pdf/n2229336.pdf
Testo integrale degli Accordi di Minsk II (ONU) - https://peacemaker.un.org/ukraine-minsk-agreement-2015
Testo originale del Memorandum (ONU) - https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%203007/Part/volume-3007-I-52241.pdf
UN Security Council – DPRK Panel of Experts - https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/sanctions/1718/panel_experts/reports
UN Treaty Collection — Budapest Memorandum registration - https://treaties.un.org/Pages/showDetails.aspx?objid=0800000280401fbb
UNHCR - Crisi rifugiati Ucraina - https://www.unhcr.org/ukraine-emergency.html

OSCE‑monitorering og dokumenter

Kilder
OSCE - Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine - https://www.osce.org/special-monitoring-mission-to-ukraine
OSCE - Testo integrale dell'Atto Finale di Helsinki - https://www.osce.org/helsinki-final-act

Sikkerhedstjenester og kontraefterretning

Kilder
Danish Defence Intelligence – Risk Assessment - https://www.fe-ddis.dk/en/produkter/Risk_assessment/
fe-ddis.dk - https://www.fe-ddis.dk
supo.fi - https://supo.fi
verfassungsschutz.de - https://www.verfassungsschutz.de

Ministerier og officielle nationale sider

Kilder
Governo Ceco - Dichiarazione ufficiale - https://www.vlada.cz/en/media-centrum/aktualne/statement-of-the-government-of-the-czech-republic-187049/
Italian Ministry of Environment - Gas diversification - https://www.mase.gov.it/pagina/sicurezza-energetica
Presidenza del Consiglio - Relazioni DIS - https://www.sicurezzanazionale.gov.it/cosa-facciamo/relazione-annuale
sicurezzanazionale.gov.it - https://www.sicurezzanazionale.gov.it/cosa-facciamo/relazione-annuale)
sicurezzanazionale.gov.it - https://www.sicurezzanazionale.gov.it
Swedish Government - NATO membership - https://www.government.se/government-policy/sweden-and-nato/

Officielle amerikanske myndigheder og dokumenter

Kilder
U.S. Department of State - Helsinki Final Act, 1975 - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/helsinki
U.S. Department of State – Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund - https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/25-523-Ukraine-Reconstruction-and-Investment.pdf
U.S. Department of State — Agreement (Ukraine 25-523) + download - https://www.state.gov/ukraine-25-523
U.S. Treasury – Ukraine Reconstruction Fund Agreement - https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0126
White House – America First Trade Policy - https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/america-first-trade-policy/
White House – Report on America First Trade Policy - https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/04/report-to-the-president-on-the-america-first-trade-policy-executive-summary/
White House – Ukraine Reconstruction Fund Fact Sheet - https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/05/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-secures-agreement-to-establish-united-states-ukraine-reconstruction-investment-fund/

Platforme og digital regulering

Kilder
about.fb.com - https://about.fb.com/news/category/security/

Energi/gas‑data og markeds­kontekst

Kilder
IEA - Europe Gas Crisis Timeline - https://www.iea.org/topics/russias-war-on-ukraine

Think tanks, OSINT og undersøgelser

Kilder
AI Forensics - Meta Political Ads - https://aiforensics.org/work/meta-political-ads
aiforensics.org - https://aiforensics.org/work/meta-political-ads)
aiforensics.org - https://www.aiforensics.org
Atlantic Council - DFRLab - https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/digital-forensic-research-lab/
atlanticcouncil.org - https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/digital-forensic-research-lab/)
Bellingcat - Identificazione unità Buk - https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2019/06/19/identifying-the-separatists-linked-to-the-downing-of-mh17/
Bellingcat - Vrbětice investigation - https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2021/04/20/the-gru-agents-who-poisoned-skripal-also-blew-up-a-czech-arms-depot/
Bruegel - European natural gas imports - https://www.bruegel.org/dataset/european-natural-gas-imports
Center for Strategic and International Studies - Russia's Buildup - https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-possible-invasion-ukraine
Council on Foreign Relations - Putin's Munich Speech - https://www.cfr.org/blog/putins-munich-speech
Council on Foreign Relations - The Minsk Agreements - https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/what-are-minsk-agreements
CSIS – Navigating Disruption: Ally & Partner Responses - https://features.csis.org/responses-to-US-foreign-policy/

Journalistisk dækning

Kilder
BBC - Cronologia dell'annessione - https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26644082
BBC - Czech Republic explosion linked to GRU - https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56801663
BBC - Russia Ukraine border: What we know about military build-up - https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56720589
Financial Times - Russia's shadow war on Europe - https://www.ft.com/content/russia-shadow-war-europe
Il Post - https://www.ilpost.it/
ilpost.it - https://www.ilpost.it/)
Reuters - Europe on alert for Russian sabotage - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/europe-alert-russian-hybrid-attacks-2024/
Reuters - Finland officially joins NATO - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/finland-formally-joins-nato-russia-threatens-counter-measures-2023-04-04/
Reuters - Nord Stream investigation - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/nord-stream-gas-leak-an-attack-says-eus-von-der-leyen-2022-09-27/
Reuters - Sweden officially joins NATO - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/sweden-formally-joins-nato-ending-200-years-neutrality-2024-03-07/
Reuters - Timeline of Russian troop buildup - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-military-build-up-near-ukraine-2021-12-01/
Reuters — Full text memorandum of intent (Apr 18, 2025) - https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/full-text-us-ukraine-memorandum-intent-minerals-deal-2025-04-18/

Lokale kilder og meningsmålinger

Kilder
YLE - Sondaggi opinione pubblica finlandese - https://yle.fi/a/3-12361854

Blandede referencer

Kilder
alliance4europe.eu - https://alliance4europe.eu/russian-influence-doppelganger-june-x-meta)
alliance4europe.eu - https://alliance4europe.eu/)
Arms Control Association – Russia Ends North Korean Sanctions Panel - https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2024-05/news/russia-ends-north-korean-sanctions-panel
Berkeley Goldman School – Trump's 2025 National Security Strategy - https://gspp.berkeley.edu/research-and-impact/news/recent-news/what-trumps-2025-national-security-strategy-reveals-about-the-future-of-u.s-foreign-policy
Carnegie Endowment - Analysis of the Tagliavini Report - https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2015/09/the-still-topical-tagliavini-report
Centre for European Reform - The Helsinki Final Act at 50 - https://www.cer.eu/insights/helsinki-final-act-50-relevant-or-relic
CheckFirst - Influence by Design - https://checkfirst.network/influence-by-design-how-meta-accepted-russian-propaganda-payments-despite-sanctions/
checkfirst.network - https://checkfirst.network/influence-by-design-how-meta-accepted-russian-propaganda-payments-despite-sanctions/)
CNN – Denmark sees US as potential security concern - https://www.cnn.com/2025/12/10/europe/denmark-intelligence-report-intl
Counter Disinformation Network - https://alliance4europe.eu/russian-influence-doppelganger-june-x-meta
Counter Disinformation Network - https://alliance4europe.eu/
Database EUvsDisinfo - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinformation-cases/
diplomatie.gouv.fr - https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/russia/news/2024/article/foreign-digital-interference-france-detects-a-russian-propaganda-network-12-feb)
diplomatie.gouv.fr - https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr
Euronews - French agency uncovers network - https://www.euronews.com/next/2024/02/13/french-agency-uncovers-pro-russian-propaganda-network
euronews.com - https://www.euronews.com/next/2024/02/13/french-agency-uncovers-pro-russian-propaganda-network)
EUvsDisinfo - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/
EUvsDisinfo - Doppelganger - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/doppelganger-strikes-back-unveiling-fimi-activities-targeting-european-parliament-elections/
euvsdisinfo.eu - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/)
euvsdisinfo.eu - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinformation-cases/)
euvsdisinfo.eu - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/doppelganger-strikes-back-unveiling-fimi-activities-targeting-european-parliament-elections/)
IDMO - Italian Digital Media Observatory - https://www.idmo.it/
idmo.it - https://www.idmo.it/)
IIFFMCG - Rapporto completo (Volume I) - https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/HUDOC_38263_08_Annexes_ENG.pdf
Institute for the Study of War – Ukraine Conflict Updates - https://www.iswresearch.org/
ISW – Interactive Map of Russian Invasion - https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/36a7f6a6f5a9448496de641cf64bd375
ISW – Understanding War - https://www.understandingwar.org/
Joint Investigation Team - MH17 Investigation - https://www.prosecutionservice.nl/topics/mh17-plane-crash
Meta Threat Reports - https://transparency.fb.com/threat-indicators/
Ministero Affari Esteri Francia - https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/russia/news/2024/article/foreign-digital-interference-france-detects-a-russian-propaganda-network-12-feb
MSMT – Unlawful Military Cooperation DPRK-Russia - https://msmt.info/view/save/2025/05/29/1085cade-a4b1-4405-94c0-7c980c24fd21-Unlawful_Military_Cooperation_including_Arms_Transfers_between_North_Korea_and_Russia_(MSMT_2025_1).pdf
National Security Archive - Budapest Memorandum after 30 Years - https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/russia-programs/2024-12-05/budapest-memorandum-1994-after-30-years-non-proliferation
Nordic Times – US cited as threat in Danish report - https://nordictimes.com/the-nordics/us-cited-as-threat-in-danish-intelligence-report/
OHCHR - Civilian casualties report in Ukraine - https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/01/ukraine-civilian-death-toll-14000-over-almost-8-years-conflict-human-rights
RUSI – Russia Funding North Korea's Nuclear Programme - https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/russia-now-actively-funding-north-koreas-nuclear-programme
sgdsn.gouv.fr - https://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/files/files/20240212_NP_SGDSN_VIGINUM_PORTAL-KOMBAT-NETWORK_ENG_VF.pdf)
sgdsn.gouv.fr - https://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/viginum
Testo integrale del discorso di Monaco (Kremlin.ru) - http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24034
transparency.fb.com - https://transparency.fb.com/threat-indicators/)
Viginum Report - Portal Kombat - https://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/files/files/20240212_NP_SGDSN_VIGINUM_PORTAL-KOMBAT-NETWORK_ENG_VF.pdf
Washington Post - Putin's Prepared Remarks at Munich Conference - https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/12/AR2007021200555.html