Investigations by Amnesty International conducted between April and July 2022 documented that Ukrainian forces established military bases in populated residential areas, including 22 out of 29 schools visited that showed evidence of military use. Forces also used hospitals in five locations, launching attacks from these positions and turning civilian objects into potential military targets. Civilians were exposed to Russian retaliatory fire without being evacuated or warned. Safe alternatives such as wooded areas were available but not used. Specific incidents include: missile attack on June 10 in a village south of Mykolaiv, use of cluster munitions on May 6 in a Donbas town, missile attack on May 18 in Bakhmut, air strike on April 28 in a Kharkiv suburb, attack on May 21 in Bakhmut, missile attack on June 28 in a town east of Odesa. These practices violate international humanitarian law which requires taking all feasible precautions to protect civilians and prohibits the use of protected facilities such as hospitals for military purposes.