On June 15-16, 2024, peace summit in Switzerland (Bürgenstock Resort). Largest international conference on Ukraine since war began.
Participants: 92 countries + international organizations. Zelensky present. Russia NOT invited. China, Brazil absent.
Organization: Switzerland host, promoted by Ukraine. Based on Zelensky's "Peace Formula" (10 points): Russian troop withdrawal, war crimes tribunal, reparations, nuclear security, freedom of navigation, prisoner exchange.
Final declaration: Signed by 80 of 92 countries. Main points:
- Ukraine's territorial integrity according to UN Charter and international principles
- Nuclear plant safety (Zaporizhzhia under Ukrainian control)
- Food security (Black Sea navigation freedom)
- "All for all" prisoner exchange and return of deported children
Who didn't sign: Saudi Arabia, India, South Africa, Mexico, Brazil (observer), UAE. Reason: want Russia at table.
Result: Partial consensus. No concrete commitments. Plan for second summit with Russia (never organized).
Criticism: "Too little, too late". Russia's absence makes everything symbolic. Global South countries skeptical.
Turning point: First time majority of countries formally recognize peace must be based on Russian withdrawal and Ukrainian territorial integrity.