Lysning è un progetto di analisi indipendente basato su fonti aperte e verificabili. Il suo scopo non è produrre reportage o intelligence originali, ma organizzare, contestualizzare e interpretare informazioni pubblicamente disponibili per rendere dinamiche geopolitiche e informative complesse più leggibili, tracciabili e confrontabili nel tempo.

In termini metodologici, Lysning applica un approccio documentario di open-source intelligence (OSINT) focalizzato sull'aggregazione, verifica incrociata e organizzazione cronologica di fonti istituzionali primarie. Il progetto non conduce analisi predittive e non fornisce copertura in tempo reale di eventi sul campo o notizie dell'ultimo minuto. Il suo scopo è documentare eventi, confrontare narrative con dati verificabili ed evidenziare tendenze e pattern informativi di lungo periodo.

Il progetto si basa principalmente su documentazione istituzionale, dichiarazioni ufficiali e media internazionali consolidati, integrati quando opportuno da ricerca accademica e investigazioni open-source. In tutto il sito viene mantenuta una chiara distinzione tra fatti documentati, attribuzioni ufficiali e interpretazione analitica, per evitare la sovrapposizione tra evidenze e valutazioni.

Lysning non rivendica neutralità in senso astratto. Il suo quadro analitico è fondato sul diritto internazionale e sui principi dell'ordine multilaterale. Gli eventi vengono quindi esaminati non solo attraverso considerazioni strategiche o geopolitiche, ma anche in relazione alla responsabilità giuridica e alle conseguenze delle violazioni delle norme internazionali. Per questo motivo, il progetto non adotta una prospettiva realpolitik che tratta le dinamiche di potere come unico fattore esplicativo.

Al tempo stesso, Lysning non si presenta come autorità giudiziaria. Non si basa su informazioni riservate, né pretende di fornire attribuzioni definitive dove le prove rimangono incomplete o contestate. I limiti dell'analisi open-source sono esplicitamente riconosciuti come parte della metodologia.

Lysning è un'iniziativa indipendente e non commerciale. Non riceve finanziamenti da governi, partiti politici o gruppi di advocacy, ed è guidato da un impegno verso trasparenza, verificabilità e responsabilità analitica.

Pacta sunt servanda.

Documenti ufficiali, report e pagine istituzionali

Fonti
3rd EEAS FIMI Report 2025 - https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/2025/EEAS-3nd-ThreatReport-March-2025-05-Digital-HD.pdf
Comunicato Consiglio UE sul Rapporto Tagliavini - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/er/110370.pdf
consilium.europa.eu - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/foreign-information-manipulation/
EDA – Defence Data 2024-2025 - https://eda.europa.eu/docs/default-source/brochures/2025-eda_defencedata_web.pdf
EDA – EU defence spending hits €343 billion - https://eda.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/2025/09/02/eu-defence-spending-hits-343-bln-in-2024-eda-data-shows
EEAS FIMI - https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/information-integrity-and-countering-foreign-information-manipulation-interference-fimi_en
eeas.europa.eu - https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/information-integrity-and-countering-foreign-information-manipulation-interference-fimi_en)
eeas.europa.eu - https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/2025/EEAS-3nd-ThreatReport-March-2025-05-Digital-HD.pdf)
eeas.europa.eu - https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/fimi_en
EU Council – 17th package of sanctions - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/05/20/russia-s-war-of-aggression-against-ukraine-eu-agrees-17th-package-of-sanctions/
EU Sanctions against Russia - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions-against-russia/
EU Sanctions Explained - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions-against-russia-explained/
EU – Sanctions adopted following Russia's aggression - https://finance.ec.europa.eu/eu-and-world/sanctions-restrictive-measures/sanctions-adopted-following-russias-military-aggression-against-ukraine_en
European Commission - REPowerEU - https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/repowereu-affordable-secure-and-sustainable-energy-europe_en
European Council - EU response to hybrid threats - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/hybrid-threats/
European Council – EU response to Russia's invasion - https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-response-russia-military-aggression-against-ukraine-archive/
European Defence Agency – Defence Data Portal - https://eda.europa.eu/publications-and-data/defence-data

Database, osservatori e analisi specialistiche

Fonti
EDMO - Pravda Network - https://edmo.eu/publications/russian-disinformation-network-pravda-grew-bigger-in-the-eu-even-after-its-uncovering/
edmo.eu - https://edmo.eu/publications/russian-disinformation-network-pravda-grew-bigger-in-the-eu-even-after-its-uncovering/)
edmo.eu - https://edmo.eu/publications/
Facta.news - https://facta.news/
facta.news - https://facta.news/)
Formiche.net - https://formiche.net/
formiche.net - https://formiche.net/)
geopolitica.info - https://www.geopolitica.info/disinformazione-italia/)
Geopolitica.info - https://www.geopolitica.info/
geopolitica.info - https://www.geopolitica.info/)
Geopolitica.info - Frammentazione istituzionale - https://www.geopolitica.info/disinformazione-italia/
Il Foglio - https://www.ilfoglio.it/
ilfoglio.it - https://www.ilfoglio.it/)
NewsGuard - https://www.newsguardtech.com/
NewsGuard Italia - Report - https://www.newsguardtech.com/it/special-reports/newsguard-in-italia-progressi-e-collaborazioni/
newsguardtech.com - https://www.newsguardtech.com/)
newsguardtech.com - https://www.newsguardtech.com/it/special-reports/newsguard-in-italia-progressi-e-collaborazioni/)

Comunicati e pagine ufficiali dell’Alleanza

Fonti
Allied Land Command – Enhanced Forward Presence - https://lc.nato.int/operations/enhanced-forward-presence-efp
NATO - Finland joins the Alliance - https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_212838.htm
NATO - Sweden joins the Alliance - https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_222186.htm
NATO – Approach to counter information threats - https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_231905.htm
NATO – Countering hybrid threats - https://www.nato.int/en/what-we-do/deterrence-and-defence/countering-hybrid-threats
NATO – Enhanced Forward Presence - https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136388.htm
NATO – Strategic Concept 2022 - https://www.nato.int/en/about-us/official-texts-and-resources/strategic-concepts/nato-2022-strategic-concept

Risoluzioni, trattati e Corte Internazionale di Giustizia

Fonti
Corte Internazionale di Giustizia - Ordinanza del 16 marzo 2022 - https://www.icj-cij.org/case/182
Risoluzione ONU 68/262 - Integrità territoriale dell'Ucraina - https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n13/455/19/pdf/n1345519.pdf
Risoluzione ONU ES-11/1 - https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n22/293/36/pdf/n2229336.pdf
Testo integrale degli Accordi di Minsk II (ONU) - https://peacemaker.un.org/ukraine-minsk-agreement-2015
Testo originale del Memorandum (ONU) - https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%203007/Part/volume-3007-I-52241.pdf
UN Security Council – DPRK Panel of Experts - https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/sanctions/1718/panel_experts/reports
UN Treaty Collection — Budapest Memorandum registration - https://treaties.un.org/Pages/showDetails.aspx?objid=0800000280401fbb
UNHCR - Crisi rifugiati Ucraina - https://www.unhcr.org/ukraine-emergency.html

Monitoraggio e documenti OSCE

Fonti
OSCE - Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine - https://www.osce.org/special-monitoring-mission-to-ukraine
OSCE - Testo integrale dell'Atto Finale di Helsinki - https://www.osce.org/helsinki-final-act

Agenzie e servizi di sicurezza/controspionaggio

Fonti
Danish Defence Intelligence – Risk Assessment - https://www.fe-ddis.dk/en/produkter/Risk_assessment/
fe-ddis.dk - https://www.fe-ddis.dk
supo.fi - https://supo.fi
verfassungsschutz.de - https://www.verfassungsschutz.de

Ministeri e siti governativi nazionali

Fonti
Governo Ceco - Dichiarazione ufficiale - https://www.vlada.cz/en/media-centrum/aktualne/statement-of-the-government-of-the-czech-republic-187049/
Italian Ministry of Environment - Gas diversification - https://www.mase.gov.it/pagina/sicurezza-energetica
Presidenza del Consiglio - Relazioni DIS - https://www.sicurezzanazionale.gov.it/cosa-facciamo/relazione-annuale
sicurezzanazionale.gov.it - https://www.sicurezzanazionale.gov.it/cosa-facciamo/relazione-annuale)
sicurezzanazionale.gov.it - https://www.sicurezzanazionale.gov.it
Swedish Government - NATO membership - https://www.government.se/government-policy/sweden-and-nato/

Dipartimenti e documenti ufficiali statunitensi

Fonti
U.S. Department of State - Helsinki Final Act, 1975 - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/helsinki
U.S. Department of State – Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund - https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/25-523-Ukraine-Reconstruction-and-Investment.pdf
U.S. Department of State — Agreement (Ukraine 25-523) + download - https://www.state.gov/ukraine-25-523
U.S. Treasury – Ukraine Reconstruction Fund Agreement - https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0126
White House – America First Trade Policy - https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/america-first-trade-policy/
White House – Report on America First Trade Policy - https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/04/report-to-the-president-on-the-america-first-trade-policy-executive-summary/
White House – Ukraine Reconstruction Fund Fact Sheet - https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/05/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-secures-agreement-to-establish-united-states-ukraine-reconstruction-investment-fund/

Piattaforme digitali e normativa

Fonti
about.fb.com - https://about.fb.com/news/category/security/

Dati e analisi su gas, energia e prezzi

Fonti
IEA - Europe Gas Crisis Timeline - https://www.iea.org/topics/russias-war-on-ukraine

Think tank, OSINT e inchieste

Fonti
AI Forensics - Meta Political Ads - https://aiforensics.org/work/meta-political-ads
aiforensics.org - https://aiforensics.org/work/meta-political-ads)
aiforensics.org - https://www.aiforensics.org
Atlantic Council - DFRLab - https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/digital-forensic-research-lab/
atlanticcouncil.org - https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/digital-forensic-research-lab/)
Bellingcat - Identificazione unità Buk - https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2019/06/19/identifying-the-separatists-linked-to-the-downing-of-mh17/
Bellingcat - Vrbětice investigation - https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2021/04/20/the-gru-agents-who-poisoned-skripal-also-blew-up-a-czech-arms-depot/
Bruegel - European natural gas imports - https://www.bruegel.org/dataset/european-natural-gas-imports
Center for Strategic and International Studies - Russia's Buildup - https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-possible-invasion-ukraine
Council on Foreign Relations - Putin's Munich Speech - https://www.cfr.org/blog/putins-munich-speech
Council on Foreign Relations - The Minsk Agreements - https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/what-are-minsk-agreements
CSIS – Navigating Disruption: Ally & Partner Responses - https://features.csis.org/responses-to-US-foreign-policy/

Articoli e cronache giornalistiche

Fonti
BBC - Cronologia dell'annessione - https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26644082
BBC - Czech Republic explosion linked to GRU - https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56801663
BBC - Russia Ukraine border: What we know about military build-up - https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56720589
Financial Times - Russia's shadow war on Europe - https://www.ft.com/content/russia-shadow-war-europe
Il Post - https://www.ilpost.it/
ilpost.it - https://www.ilpost.it/)
Reuters - Europe on alert for Russian sabotage - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/europe-alert-russian-hybrid-attacks-2024/
Reuters - Finland officially joins NATO - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/finland-formally-joins-nato-russia-threatens-counter-measures-2023-04-04/
Reuters - Nord Stream investigation - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/nord-stream-gas-leak-an-attack-says-eus-von-der-leyen-2022-09-27/
Reuters - Sweden officially joins NATO - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/sweden-formally-joins-nato-ending-200-years-neutrality-2024-03-07/
Reuters - Timeline of Russian troop buildup - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-military-build-up-near-ukraine-2021-12-01/
Reuters — Full text memorandum of intent (Apr 18, 2025) - https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/full-text-us-ukraine-memorandum-intent-minerals-deal-2025-04-18/

Fonti locali e sondaggi

Fonti
YLE - Sondaggi opinione pubblica finlandese - https://yle.fi/a/3-12361854

Riferimenti vari

Fonti
alliance4europe.eu - https://alliance4europe.eu/russian-influence-doppelganger-june-x-meta)
alliance4europe.eu - https://alliance4europe.eu/)
Arms Control Association – Russia Ends North Korean Sanctions Panel - https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2024-05/news/russia-ends-north-korean-sanctions-panel
Berkeley Goldman School – Trump's 2025 National Security Strategy - https://gspp.berkeley.edu/research-and-impact/news/recent-news/what-trumps-2025-national-security-strategy-reveals-about-the-future-of-u.s-foreign-policy
Carnegie Endowment - Analysis of the Tagliavini Report - https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2015/09/the-still-topical-tagliavini-report
Centre for European Reform - The Helsinki Final Act at 50 - https://www.cer.eu/insights/helsinki-final-act-50-relevant-or-relic
CheckFirst - Influence by Design - https://checkfirst.network/influence-by-design-how-meta-accepted-russian-propaganda-payments-despite-sanctions/
checkfirst.network - https://checkfirst.network/influence-by-design-how-meta-accepted-russian-propaganda-payments-despite-sanctions/)
CNN – Denmark sees US as potential security concern - https://www.cnn.com/2025/12/10/europe/denmark-intelligence-report-intl
Counter Disinformation Network - https://alliance4europe.eu/russian-influence-doppelganger-june-x-meta
Counter Disinformation Network - https://alliance4europe.eu/
Database EUvsDisinfo - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinformation-cases/
diplomatie.gouv.fr - https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/russia/news/2024/article/foreign-digital-interference-france-detects-a-russian-propaganda-network-12-feb)
diplomatie.gouv.fr - https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr
Euronews - French agency uncovers network - https://www.euronews.com/next/2024/02/13/french-agency-uncovers-pro-russian-propaganda-network
euronews.com - https://www.euronews.com/next/2024/02/13/french-agency-uncovers-pro-russian-propaganda-network)
EUvsDisinfo - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/
EUvsDisinfo - Doppelganger - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/doppelganger-strikes-back-unveiling-fimi-activities-targeting-european-parliament-elections/
euvsdisinfo.eu - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/)
euvsdisinfo.eu - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinformation-cases/)
euvsdisinfo.eu - https://euvsdisinfo.eu/doppelganger-strikes-back-unveiling-fimi-activities-targeting-european-parliament-elections/)
IDMO - Italian Digital Media Observatory - https://www.idmo.it/
idmo.it - https://www.idmo.it/)
IIFFMCG - Rapporto completo (Volume I) - https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/HUDOC_38263_08_Annexes_ENG.pdf
Institute for the Study of War – Ukraine Conflict Updates - https://www.iswresearch.org/
ISW – Interactive Map of Russian Invasion - https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/36a7f6a6f5a9448496de641cf64bd375
ISW – Understanding War - https://www.understandingwar.org/
Joint Investigation Team - MH17 Investigation - https://www.prosecutionservice.nl/topics/mh17-plane-crash
Meta Threat Reports - https://transparency.fb.com/threat-indicators/
Ministero Affari Esteri Francia - https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/russia/news/2024/article/foreign-digital-interference-france-detects-a-russian-propaganda-network-12-feb
MSMT – Unlawful Military Cooperation DPRK-Russia - https://msmt.info/view/save/2025/05/29/1085cade-a4b1-4405-94c0-7c980c24fd21-Unlawful_Military_Cooperation_including_Arms_Transfers_between_North_Korea_and_Russia_(MSMT_2025_1).pdf
National Security Archive - Budapest Memorandum after 30 Years - https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/russia-programs/2024-12-05/budapest-memorandum-1994-after-30-years-non-proliferation
Nordic Times – US cited as threat in Danish report - https://nordictimes.com/the-nordics/us-cited-as-threat-in-danish-intelligence-report/
OHCHR - Civilian casualties report in Ukraine - https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/01/ukraine-civilian-death-toll-14000-over-almost-8-years-conflict-human-rights
RUSI – Russia Funding North Korea's Nuclear Programme - https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/russia-now-actively-funding-north-koreas-nuclear-programme
sgdsn.gouv.fr - https://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/files/files/20240212_NP_SGDSN_VIGINUM_PORTAL-KOMBAT-NETWORK_ENG_VF.pdf)
sgdsn.gouv.fr - https://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/viginum
Testo integrale del discorso di Monaco (Kremlin.ru) - http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24034
transparency.fb.com - https://transparency.fb.com/threat-indicators/)
Viginum Report - Portal Kombat - https://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/files/files/20240212_NP_SGDSN_VIGINUM_PORTAL-KOMBAT-NETWORK_ENG_VF.pdf
Washington Post - Putin's Prepared Remarks at Munich Conference - https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/12/AR2007021200555.html